Graphic design is a creative discipline that involves the process of visual communication and problem-solving through the use of typography, photography, iconography, illustration, and layout techniques. It aims to convey a specific message or information to a target audience in an effective and visually appealing manner.

1. Typography: The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and visually appealing. This involves selecting appropriate typefaces, fonts, and text layout.

2. Color Theory: Understanding the psychological effects of color and how different color combinations can evoke specific emotions or convey particular messages.

3. Layout and Composition: Arranging visual elements such as text, images, and graphics on a page or screen in a balanced and aesthetically pleasing way.

4. Imagery and Illustration: Incorporating photographs, illustrations, icons, and other visual elements to enhance the design and communicate ideas effectively.

5. Branding and Identity Design: Creating visual identities that represent and differentiate organizations, products, or services through logos, branding materials, and style guides.

6. User Experience (UX) Design: Designing interfaces and interactions to improve the usability and accessibility of digital products and websites.